STAINLESS STEEL yog dab tsi thiab nws ua li cas?

Los ntawm cov mines mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom, ntawm no yog cov txheej txheem ceev ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel li cas

Vim nws zoo heev corrosion kuj, siab zog thiab txaus nyiam tsos, stainless hlau pom ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam.

Tab sis yuav ua li cas stainless hlau mus los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov seem los yog refined ores mus rau nws cov duab kawg thiab daim ntawv thov?

Cov hlau tsis muaj steel feem ntau pib lub neej zoo ib yam ua ntej tawm mus ua haujlwm. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no-nrog rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau alloy-txiav txim siab nws cov yam ntxwv ntau yam.Yog li kom nkag siab tias cov hlau tsis zoo li cas, peb yuav tsum xub dhia mus rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

STAINLESS STEEL yog dab tsi?

Stainless hlau yog hlau thiab chromium alloy.

Txawm hais tias stainless hlau yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 10.5% chromium, cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov sib piv yuav txawv raws li qib uas tau thov thiab kev siv cov hlau.

Lwm yam additives muaj xws li:

Nickel

Cov pa roj carbon

Manganese

Molybdenum

Nitrogen

Sulfur

Tooj

Silicon

Qhov tseeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib qho alloy yog nruj me ntsis ntsuas thiab ntsuas thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem alloying kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlau nthuav tawm cov khoom zoo.

Cov laj thawj feem ntau ntxiv rau lwm cov hlau thiab gasses rau stainless hlau alloy muaj xws li:

Nce corrosion kuj

Kub kub kuj

Tsawg kub tsis kam

Txhim kho lub zog

Txhim kho weldability

Txhim kho formability

Tswj cov hlau nplaum

Dab tsi hauv koj cov hlau tsis muaj steel tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb txawm li cas los xij…

Yuav ua li cas nws tau ua yuav ntxiv hloov cov hlau cov khoom.

 

YUAV UA LI CAS STAINLESS STEEL

Cov txheej txheem tseeb rau qib stainless hlau yuav txawv nyob rau theem tom ntej. Qib ntawm cov hlau zoo li cas, ua haujlwm thiab ua tiav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab seb nws zoo li cas thiab ua tau zoo.

Ua ntej koj tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv hlau xa tuaj, koj yuav tsum xub tsim cov molten alloy.

Vim qhov no feem ntau cov qib steel sib koom ua cov kauj ruam pib.

Kauj Ruam 1: Melting

Kev tsim cov hlau tsis muaj steel pib nrog melting seem hlau thiab cov khoom ntxiv hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv (EAF). Siv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab, EAF ua kom sov cov hlau nyob rau ntau teev los tsim kom muaj cov kua dej sib tov.

Raws li stainless hlau yog 100% recyclable, ntau stainless xaj muaj ntau npaum li 60% recycled steel. Qhov no yuav pab tsis tau tsuas yog tswj cov nqi tab sis txo kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.

Qhov kub thiab txias yuav txawv raws li qib ntawm cov hlau tsim.

Kauj Ruam 2: Tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus carbon

Cov pa roj carbon monoxide pab ua kom lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, carbon ntau dhau tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem-xws li carbide nag lossis daus thaum vuam.

Ua ntej casting molten stainless hlau, calibration thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam tswj cov ntsiab lus carbon.

Thawj yog los ntawm Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD). Txhaj tshuaj argon roj sib tov rau hauv cov hlau molten txo cov ntsiab lus carbon nrog tsawg tsawg ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb.

Lwm txoj kev siv yog Nqus Oxygen Decarburization (VOD). Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, molten steel yog pauv mus rau lwm lub chamber qhov twg oxygen yog txhaj rau hauv cov hlau thaum tshav kub kub. Lub tshuab nqus tsev ces tshem tawm cov pa roj tawm ntawm lub chamber, ntxiv txo cov ntsiab lus carbon.

Ob txoj kev muab kev tswj xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib xyaw kom zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv tseeb hauv cov khoom siv hlau stainless kawg.

Kauj ruam 3: Tuning

Tom qab txo cov pa roj carbon, qhov kawg ntsuas thiab homogenization ntawm kub thiab chemistry tshwm sim. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlau ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau nws cov qib npaj thiab tias cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv pawg.

Cov qauv raug kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas. Kev hloov kho yog ua kom txog thaum sib tov ua tau raws li tus qauv xav tau.

KAUJ RUAM 4: FORM los yog CASTING

Nrog cov hlau molten tsim, lub foundry yuav tsum tam sim no tsim cov qauv qub siv los ua kom txias thiab ua haujlwm cov hlau. Cov duab thiab qhov ntev yuav nyob ntawm qhov khoom kawg.

Cov duab uas muaj xws li:

Paj

Billets

Slabs

Qws

Cov raj

Cov ntawv tom qab ntawd raug cim nrog tus cim txhawm rau taug qab cov batch los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem ua raws.

Los ntawm no cov kauj ruam yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov qib npaj thiab cov khoom kawg lossis kev ua haujlwm. Slabs ua daim hlau, strips thiab nplooj ntawv. Blooms thiab billets ua cov tuav thiab xaim.

Nyob ntawm qib lossis hom ntawv xaj, cov hlau yuav dhau los ntawm qee qhov ntawm cov kauj ruam no ntau zaus los tsim kom pom qhov xav tau lossis cov yam ntxwv.

Cov kauj ruam hauv qab no yog qhov feem ntau.

Kub Rolling

Ua nyob rau ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj qhov kub ntawm recrystallization ntawm cov hlau, cov kauj ruam no yuav pab teeb tsa lub cev qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau. Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem ua kom cov hlau mos txaus los ua haujlwm yam tsis hloov cov qauv.

Cov txheej txheem siv dua dhau los kho qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau maj mam. Feem ntau, qhov no yuav koom nrog dov los ntawm ntau lub mills nyob rau lub sijhawm kom ua tiav qhov xav tau tuab.

Txias Rolling

Feem ntau siv thaum yuav tsum tau precision, txias dov tshwm sim hauv qab lub recrystallization kub ntawm cov hlau. Ntau qhov kev txhawb nqa rollers yog siv los ua cov hlau. Cov txheej txheem no tsim kom muaj kev ntxim nyiam, zoo ib yam.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tuaj yeem deform lub steel qauv thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho cua sov kom recrystallize cov hlau rau nws thawj microstructure.

Annealing

Tom qab dov, cov hlau feem ntau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem annealing. Qhov no suav nrog kev tswj cua sov thiab cua txias. Cov voj voog no pab kom muag cov hlau thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.

Qhov ntsuas kub thiab lub sijhawm cuam tshuam yuav nyob ntawm qib ntawm cov hlau, nrog rau ob qho tib si cua sov thiab cua txias cuam tshuam rau cov khoom kawg.

Descaling los yog Pickling

Raws li cov hlau ua haujlwm los ntawm ntau cov kauj ruam, nws feem ntau khaws cov nplai ntawm qhov chaw.

Qhov no tsub zuj zuj tsis yog tsuas yog unattractive. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov stain-resistance, durability thiab weldability ntawm cov hlau. Tshem tawm qhov ntsuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim cov oxide barrier uas muab stainless nws tus yam ntxwv corrosion thiab stain kuj.

Descaling los yog pickling tshem tawm cov nplai no siv cov kua qaub da dej (lub npe hu ua acid pickling) lossis los ntawm kev tswj cua sov thiab txias hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj oxygen.

Nyob ntawm cov khoom kawg, cov hlau yuav rov qab mus rau dov lossis extruding rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Qhov no yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem rov ua dua kom txog thaum ua tiav cov khoom xav tau.

Txiav

Thaum cov hlau ua haujlwm thiab npaj txhij, cov batch raug txiav kom haum raws li qhov xav tau.

Cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog cov txheej txheem siv tshuab, xws li txiav nrog guillotine riam, riam ncig, cov hniav kub ceev lossis xuas nrig ntaus nrog tuag.

Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov duab tsis yooj yim, nplaim taws txiav lossis plasma dav hlau txiav kuj tseem siv tau.

Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav nyob ntawm ob qib ntawm cov hlau thov thiab cov duab xav tau ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj.

Ua tiav

Stainless hlau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tiav los ntawm matte mus rau daim iav. Kev ua tiav yog ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam kawg uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li acid lossis xuab zeb etching, xuab zeb blasting, siv sib tsoo, siv buffing thiab siv polishing.

Lub sijhawm no, cov hlau tau sib sau ua ke hauv nws daim ntawv kawg thiab npaj rau kev xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Rolls thiab coils yog ntau txoj hauv kev rau ob qho tib si khaws cia thiab xa khoom ntau ntawm cov hlau tsis huv rau kev siv hauv lwm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv kawg yuav nyob ntawm seb hom hlau xav tau thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb rau qhov kev txiav txim.

THAUM TSEEM CEEB

Kev nkag siab txog cov qib stainless hlau zoo thiab hom rau kev siv tshwj xeeb thiab ib puag ncig yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntev thiab ua kom zoo dua cov nqi. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom nrhiav ib yam dab tsi muaj zog thiab corrosion-resistant rau marine ib puag ncig los yog tej yam stunning thiab yooj yim los ntxuav rau tsev noj mov siv, muaj ib tug stainless hlau alloy muaj rau haum koj xav tau kev pab.